Ankle Sprains

The ankle joint is comprised of three bones, called the tibia, fibula and talus. These three bones are held together by ligaments, which are like thick rubber bands. The ligaments provide stability to the joint during movement. An ankle sprain occurs when a ligament becomes overstretched or torn, which typically happens when the ankle gets twisted from walking on an uneven surface or while playing sports. The majority of ankle sprains occur on the outside joint of the ankle, but they can also occur on the inside as well.

A Physiotherapist will take a detailed history and complete a comprehensive assessment of your ankle, to determine the severity of your injury. Depending on the nature and severity of the injury, they may refer you to your doctor for imaging to rule out any other problems such as a bone fracture. With this information, the physiotherapist will develop an individualized treatment plan to treat your ankle. Based on the severity of your ankle sprain, your symptoms, and treatment goals, your individualized treatment plan may include:

• Manual therapy techniques such as soft tissue release, mobilization or manipulation
• An individualized exercise program including muscle strengthening, balance and stability exercises. If you are returning to a sport or specific activity, you will be progressed to more functional exercises as you heal, to help prepare for your return.
• Education to help prevent future ankle sprains.
• An ankle brace may be recommended.
• Modalities such as acupuncture, TENS, ultrasound, heat or ice to help reduce symptoms and promote healing.

Ankle sprains can be classified based on the severity of the injury:

• Type I Ankle Sprain: Occurs when the ligaments have been stretched or only slightly torn. This is the least severe type of ankle sprain.
• Type II Ankle Sprain: Occurs when there is significant tearing, but not a complete tear of all the ligaments in the ankle joint.
• Type III Ankle Sprain: Occurs when the ligaments are completely torn. For this type of ankle sprain, there will be significant instability in the ankle joint.